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Sami BEN JABEUR
Chercheur associé
FCC

Email :
sbenjabeur@univ-catholyon.fr

Sujet(s) de recherche :

Défaillance d'entreprises

Intelligence artificielle

Changement climatique

Alma mater :
Université de Rennes, Université de Toulon, Université de Sousse

Sami BEN JABEUR
Chercheur associé
FCC
Sami Ben Jabeur est professeur HDR en Finance à l'université Catholique de Lyon et membre de l'unité de recherche CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités de l'UCLy. Il est enseignant-chercheur en Finance à l'ESDES Lyon Business School. Ses thématiques de recherche portent sur la défaillance d'entreprises, les techniques d'intelligence artificielle et le changement climatique. Ses travaux ont été publiés dans des revues internationales.

Fonction(s)

    @Université Catholique de Lyon - Professeur des universités

Publications académiques

75 documents

Articles dans une revue

  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Faten Ben Slimane, Meriem Haouat Asli, Salma Mefteh-Wali. Crowdlending platforms: reputation on the line. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2025, 21 (1), pp.60. ⟨10.1007/s11365-025-01070-z⟩. ⟨hal-04972421⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur, Hela Nammouri, Kamel Miled. Dynamic connectedness of quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and big data stocks on renewable and sustainable energy. Energy economics, 2024, 140, pp.108017. ⟨10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108017⟩. ⟨hal-05238464⟩
  • Khaled Mokni, Hela Nammouri, Sami Ben Jabeur, Foued Saadaoui. Clean Energy Markets: Responses to Emerging Risks and Investor Behavior. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2024, pp.Online Version of Record. ⟨10.1002/ijfe.3078⟩. ⟨hal-05238461⟩
  • Haithem Awijen, Sami Ben Jabeur, Houssein Ballouk. Mineral policy dynamics and their impact on equity market volatility in the global south: A multi-country analysis. Resources Policy, 2024, 99, pp.105373. ⟨10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105373⟩. ⟨hal-04854038⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur, Younes Ben Zaied. Analyzing the interplay between eco-friendly and Islamic digital currencies and green investments. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2024, 208, pp.123715. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123715⟩. ⟨hal-05238463⟩
  • Mohammad Razib Hossain, Sami Ben Jabeur, Kamel Si Mohammed, Umer Shahzad. Time-varying relatedness and structural changes among green growth, clean energy innovation, and carbon market amid exogenous shocks: A quantile VAR approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2024, 208, pp.123705. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123705⟩. ⟨hal-05149133⟩
  • Houssein Ballouk, Hela Nammouri, Sami Ben Jabeur, Rabeh Khalfaoui. Entrepreneurial firm creation and economic uncertainty: an explainable artificial intelligence approach. Venture Capital, 2024, pp.1-18. ⟨10.1080/13691066.2024.2410735⟩. ⟨hal-04854042⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Giray Gozgor, Hichem Rezgui, Kamel Si Mohammed. Dynamic dependence between quantum computing stocks and Bitcoin: Portfolio strategies for a new era of asset classes. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2024, 95, pp.103478. ⟨10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103478⟩. ⟨hal-04679103⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur. Tail connectedness of DeFi and CeFi with accessible banking pillars: Unveiling novel insights through wavelet and quantile cross-spectral coherence analyses. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2024, 95/B, pp.103424. ⟨10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103424⟩. ⟨hal-05148943⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur, John W. Goodell, Anis Omri. Mitigating digital market risk with conventional, green, and Islamic bonds: Fresh insights from new hybrid deep learning models. Finance Research Letters, 2024, 68, pp.105962. ⟨10.1016/j.frl.2024.105962⟩. ⟨hal-05238460⟩
  • Yassine Bakkar, Sami Ben Jabeur, Kamel Si Mohammed, Wissal Ben Arfi. Environmental transition dynamics under external conflict risk: New evidence from European countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 472, pp.143510. ⟨10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143510⟩. ⟨hal-05238462⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur, Seyedeh Sana Hosseini, Hamed Tajmir Riahi. Fintech's impact on conventional and Islamic sustainable equities: Short- and long-term contributions of the digital financial ecosystem. Global Finance Journal, 2024, 62, pp.101022. ⟨10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101022⟩. ⟨hal-05238459⟩
  • Haithem Awijen, Sami Ben Jabeur, Julien Pillot. Interpretable machine learning models for ESG stock prices under transition and physical climate risk. Annals of Operations Research, 2024, ⟨10.1007/s10479-024-06231-x⟩. ⟨hal-05148950⟩
  • Hossein Ballouk, Sami Ben Jabeur, Sandra Challita, Chaomei Chen. Financial Stability : A Scientometric Analysis and Research Agenda. Research in International Business and Finance, 2024, 70 (Part A), 33 p. ⟨10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102294⟩. ⟨hal-04495094⟩
  • Kamel Si Mohammed, Vanessa Serret, Sami Ben Jabeur, Haitham Nobanee. The role of artificial intelligence and fintech in promoting eco-friendly investments and non-greenwashing practices in the US market. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 359, pp.120977. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120977⟩. ⟨hal-04563905⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur. Natural capital accounting for sustainability: Bibliometric analysis and explainable artificial intelligence modeling for citation counts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 451, pp.142138. ⟨10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142138⟩. ⟨hal-05238457⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur. Could the Russia-Ukraine war stir up the persistent memory of interconnectivity among Islamic equity markets, energy commodities, and environmental factors?  . Research in International Business and Finance, 2024, 69, pp.102260. ⟨10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102260⟩. ⟨hal-05238456⟩
  • Khaled Mokni, Leila Hedhili Zaier, Manel Youssef, Sami Ben Jabeur. Quantile connectedness between the climate policy and economic uncertainty: Evidence from the G7 countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 351, pp.119826. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119826⟩. ⟨hal-05149130⟩
  • Houssein Ballouk, Slim Belaid, Sami Ben Jabeur. Plateformes digitales et innovation : analyse bibliométrique et pistes de recherche futures. Innovations - Revue d’économie et de management de l'innovation, 2024, N° 73 (1), pp.153-184. ⟨10.3917/inno.pr2.0158⟩. ⟨hal-04854044⟩
  • Nicolae Stef, Sami Ben Jabeur. Elections and environmental quality. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2023, 84 (2), pp.593-625. ⟨10.1007/s10640-022-00739-1⟩. ⟨hal-05148942⟩
  • Zouhaier Dhifaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Rabeh Khalfaoui, Muhammad Ali Nasir. Time‐varying partial‐directed coherence approach to forecast global energy prices with stochastic volatility model. Journal of Forecasting, 2023, 42 (8), pp.2292-2306. ⟨10.1002/for.3015⟩. ⟨hal-04296385⟩
  • Foued Saâdaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur. Analyzing the Influence of Geopolitical Risks on European Power Prices Using a Multiresolution Causal Neural Network. Energy economics, 2023, 124, pp.106793. ⟨10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106793⟩. ⟨hal-05238454⟩
  • Riadh Aloui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Hichem Rezgui, Wissal Ben Arfi. Geopolitical risk and commodity future returns: Fresh insights from dynamic copula conditional value-at-risk approach. Resources Policy, 2023, 85, pp.103873. ⟨10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103873⟩. ⟨hal-04158127⟩
  • Nicolae Stef, Hakan Basageoglu, Sami Ben Jabeur, Debaditya Chakraborty. Does institutional quality affect CO2 emissions? Evidence from explainable artificial intelligence models. Energy economics, 2023, 124, pp.106822. ⟨10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106822⟩. ⟨hal-05238455⟩
  • John W Godll, Hela Nammouri, Foued Saadaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur. Carbon allowances amid climate change concerns: Fresh insights from wavelet multiscale analysis. Finance Research Letters, 2023, 55 (Part A), pp.103871. ⟨10.1016/j.frl.2023.103871⟩. ⟨hal-05249007⟩
  • John Goodell, Sami Ben Jabeur, Foued Saâdaoui, Muhammad Ali Nasir. Explainable artificial intelligence modeling to forecast bitcoin prices. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2023, 88, pp.102702. ⟨10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102702⟩. ⟨hal-05148944⟩
  • Carmona Pedro, Nicolae Stef, Sami Ben Jabeur, Younes Ben Zaied. Climate change and government policy: Fresh insights from complexity theory. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 338, pp.117831. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117831⟩. ⟨hal-05149129⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Umer Shahzad, Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur. Corrigendum to “Investigating the spillovers between energy, food, and agricultural commodity markets: New insights from the quantile coherency approach” [Q. Rev. Econ. Financ. 88 (2023) 63–80]. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 2023, 89, pp.227. ⟨10.1016/j.qref.2023.04.001⟩. ⟨hal-04316547⟩
  • Hela Nammouri, Sami Ben Jabeur, Souhir Chlibi. Nonlinear nexus between infectious diseases and tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 2023, 27 (11), pp.1700-1716. ⟨10.1080/13683500.2023.2214723⟩. ⟨hal-05249008⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Umer Shahzad, Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Sami Ben Jabeur. Investigating the spillovers between energy, food, and agricultural commodity markets: New insights from the quantile coherency approach. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 2023, 88, pp.63-80. ⟨10.1016/j.qref.2022.12.006⟩. ⟨hal-03998215⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Houssein Ballouk, Wissal Ben Arfi, Jena-Michel Sahut. Artificial intelligence applications in fake review detection: Bibliometric analysis and future research directions. Journal of Business Research, 2023, 158, pp.113631. ⟨10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113631⟩. ⟨hal-05238452⟩
  • Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Rabeh Khalfaoui, Hamid Reza Tavakkoli, Sami Ben Jabeur. Quantile-based spillover connectedness among stochastic volatilities of ESG equities, Islamic and conventional stocks with implications for portfolio management. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2023, ⟨10.1108/IJOEM-03-2022-0362⟩. ⟨hal-03998220⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Nicolae Stef, Carmona Pedro. Bankruptcy prediction using the XGBoost algorithm and variable importance feature engineering. Computational Economics, 2023, 61, pp.715-741. ⟨10.1007/s10614-021-10227-1⟩. ⟨hal-05238451⟩
  • Zouhaier Dhifaoui, Rabeh Khalfaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Mohammad Zoynul Abedin. Exploring the effect of climate risk on agricultural and food stock prices: Fresh evidence from EMD-Based variable-lag transfer entropy analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 326, pp.116789. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116789⟩. ⟨hal-03998224⟩
  • Hoang Hiep Nguyen, Jean-Laurent Viviani, Sami Ben Jabeur. Bankruptcy prediction using machine learning and Shapley additive explanations. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, In press, ⟨10.1007/s11156-023-01192-x⟩. ⟨hal-04223161⟩
  • Foued Saadaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, John W Godll. Geopolitical Risk and the Saudi Stock Market: Evidence from a New Wavelet Packet Multiresolution Cross-Causality. Finance Research Letters, 2023, 53, pp.103654. ⟨10.1016/j.frl.2023.103654⟩. ⟨hal-05238453⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Vanessa Serret. Bankruptcy prediction using fuzzy convolutional neural networks. Research in International Business and Finance, 2022, pp.101844. ⟨10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101844⟩. ⟨hal-03886338⟩
  • Nicolae Stef, Sami Ben Jabeur, Robert Frederic Scherer. Time to Resolve Insolvency and Political Elections ?. International Review of Law and Economics, 2022, 72, pp.106104. ⟨10.1016/j.irle.2022.106104⟩. ⟨hal-05238305⟩
  • Riadh Aloui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh-Wali. Tail-risk spillovers from China to G7 stock market returns during the COVID-19 outbreak: A market and sectoral analysis ?. Research in International Business and Finance, 2022, 62, pp.101709. ⟨10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101709⟩. ⟨hal-05238302⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Jean-Laurent Viviani, Sami Ben Jabeur, Mohammad Zoynul Abedin, et al.. How do climate risk and clean energy spillovers, and uncertainty affect U.S. stock markets?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022, 185, pp.122083. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122083⟩. ⟨hal-03797937⟩
  • Foued Saadaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh-Wali. Multiresolutional Statistical Machine Learning for Testing Interdependence of Power Markets: A Variational Mode Decomposition-Based Approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 2022, 208, pp.118161. ⟨10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118161⟩. ⟨hal-05238304⟩
  • Foued Saadaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, John W Godll. Causality of geopolitical risk on food prices: Considering the Russo–Ukrainian conflict. Finance Research Letters, 2022, 49, pp.103103. ⟨10.1016/j.frl.2022.103103⟩. ⟨hal-05238303⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Nicolae Stef, Ben Arfi Wissal, Ben Jabeur Sami. Dynamic spillover effects and connectedness among climate change, technological innovation, and uncertainty: Evidence from a quantile VAR network and wavelet coherence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022, 181, pp.121743. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121743⟩. ⟨hal-03797571⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Shawkat Hammoudeh, Wissal Ben Arfi. The role of political risk, uncertainty, and crude oil in predicting stock markets: evidence from the UAE economy. Annals of Operations Research, 2022, ⟨10.1007/s10479-022-04824-y⟩. ⟨hal-03804993⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Sakiru Adebola Solarin, Adel Al-Qadasi, Sami Ben Jabeur. Dynamic causality interplay from COVID-19 pandemic to oil price, stock market, and economic policy uncertainty: evidence from oil-importing and oil-exporting countries. Annals of Operations Research, 2022, 313 (1), pp.105-143. ⟨10.1007/s10479-021-04446-w⟩. ⟨hal-03797569⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Sami Ben Jabeur, Buhari Dogan. The spillover effects and connectedness among green commodities, Bitcoins, and US stock markets: Evidence from the quantile VAR network. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 306, pp.114493. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114493⟩. ⟨hal-03797573⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Ben Jabeur Sami, Aviral Kumar Tiwari. The time–frequency causal effect of COVID-19 outbreaks on the tourism sector: evidence from the European zone. Current Issues in Tourism, 2022, pp.1-21. ⟨10.1080/13683500.2022.2043834⟩. ⟨hal-03804996⟩
  • Julien Lachuer, Sami Ben Jabeur. Explainable artificial intelligence modeling for corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Journal of Asset Management, 2022, ⟨10.1057/s41260-022-00291-z⟩. ⟨hal-03828590⟩
  • H. Ballouk, S. Ben Jabeur, S. Boubaker, S. Mefteh-Wali. The Effect of Social Media on Bank Performance: An fsQCA Approach. Electronic Commerce Research, 2022, ⟨10.1007/s10660-022-09640-x⟩. ⟨hal-04445031⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Pedro Carmona. The impact of institutional and macroeconomic conditions on aggregate business bankruptcy ?. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2021, 59, pp.108-119. ⟨10.1016/j.strueco.2021.08.010⟩. ⟨hal-05238301⟩
  • Houssein Ballouk, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Ghada Tabbah, Sami Ben Jabeur. Institutional Investors and Public Authority Ownership Impact on Green Bonds Issue: Evidence from France. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 2021, Prépublication, pp.I130-23. ⟨10.3917/jie.pr1.0130⟩. ⟨hal-03798900⟩
  • Cheima Gharib, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Vanessa Serret, Sami Ben Jabeur. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crude oil prices: Evidence from Econophysics approach.. Resources Policy, 2021, 74, pp.102392. ⟨10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102392⟩. ⟨hal-03375164⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Houssein Ballouk, Wissal Ben Arfi, Rabeh Khalfaoui. Machine Learning-Based Modeling of the Environmental Degradation, Institutional Quality, and Economic Growth. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2021, 27, pp.953-966. ⟨10.1007/s10666-021-09807-0⟩. ⟨hal-03459460⟩
  • Houssein Ballouk, Sami Ben Jabeur, Wissal Ben Arfi. Analyse bibliométrique de la littérature portant sur la co-thématique : responsabilité sociale des entreprises et développement durable. Question(s) de Management, 2021, n° 36 (6), pp.87-99. ⟨10.3917/qdm.216.0087⟩. ⟨hal-03459490⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Rabeh Khalfaoui, Wissal Ben Arfi. The effect of green energy, global environmental indexes, and stock markets in predicting oil price crashes: Evidence from explainable machine learning. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 298, pp.113511. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113511⟩. ⟨hal-03797577⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Houssein Ballouk, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Anis Omri. Forecasting the macrolevel determinants of entrepreneurial opportunities using artificial intelligence models. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021, pp.121353. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121353⟩. ⟨hal-03442122⟩
  • Rabeh Khalfaoui, H. Nammouri, O. Labidi, S. Ben Jabeur. Is the COVID-19 vaccine effective on the US financial market?. Public Health, 2021, 198, pp.177-179. ⟨10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.026⟩. ⟨hal-03797580⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Cheima Gharib, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Wissal Ben Arfi. CatBoost model and artificial intelligence techniques for corporate failure prediction. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021, 166, pp.120658. ⟨10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120658⟩. ⟨hal-05238300⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Rabi Belhaj Hassine, Salma Mefteh-Wali. Firm financial performance during the financial crisis: A French case study. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 2021, 26 (2), pp.2800-2812. ⟨10.1002/ijfe.1935⟩. ⟨hal-05238298⟩
  • Cheima Ghariba C., Salma Mefteh-Walib, Sami Ben Jabeur. The bubble contagion effect of COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from crude oil and gold markets. Finance Research Letters, 2021, 38, pp.101703. ⟨10.1016/j.frl.2020.101703⟩. ⟨hal-05238299⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Jean-Laurent Viviani. Forecasting gold price with the XGBoost algorithm and SHAP interaction values. Annals of Operations Research, 2021, ⟨10.1007/s10479-021-04187-w⟩. ⟨hal-03331805⟩
  • Nicolae Stef, Sami Ben Jabeur. Climate change legislations and environmental degradation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2020, 77 (4), pp.839-868. ⟨10.1007/s10640-020-00520-2⟩. ⟨hal-05148941⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur. The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in France: a Necessary Condition Analysis. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2020, 25, pp.397-409. ⟨10.1007/s10666-019-09678-6⟩. ⟨hal-05238297⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Amir Sadaaoui, Asma Sghaier, Riadh Aloui. Machine learning models and costsensitive decision trees for bond rating prediction. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2020, 71 (8), pp.1161-1179. ⟨10.1080/01605682.2019.1581405⟩. ⟨hal-05149131⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Vanessa Serret. Principes et enjeux de la responsabilité des conseils d’administration face au risque cybernétique. Question(s) de Management, 2019, n°26 (4), pp.67. ⟨10.3917/qdm.194.0067⟩. ⟨hal-02426055⟩

Communications dans un congrès

  • Faten Ben Slimane, Salma Mefteh-Wali, Sami Ben Jabeur. Crowdlending platforms : Reputation on the line. 3rd International Conference on Alternative Finance Research, Jun 2024, Krems, Austria. ⟨hal-04677106⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Vanessa Serret. Bankruptcy prediction using fuzzy convolutional neural networks. World Finance Conference, Aug 2021, University of Agder - Virtual, Norway. ⟨hal-03220559⟩
  • Faten Ben Slimane, Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh-Wali. Exploring crowdlending platforms reputation. XVIIème Congrès ADERSE, May 2021, en ligne, France. ⟨hal-03795312⟩
  • Houssein Ballouk, Sami Ben Jabeur, Salma Mefteh. Institutional Investors perception of green bonds issue: an evidence from France. Journée de recherche - Innover pour une finance responsable et durable, Université Gustave Eiffel, Nov 2020, Paris, France. ⟨hal-03015355⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Houssein Ballouk, Salma Mefteh. Forecasting entrepreneurial opportunities through machine and deep learning models. The 11th Academy of Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Knowledge Conference,, ESIC Business & Marketing School, Jun 2020, Madrid, Spain. ⟨hal-03015283⟩
  • Sami Ben Jabeur, Vanessa Serret. Principes et enjeux de la responsabilité des conseils d’administration face au risque cybernétique. 9ème Colloque Annuel Propedia, 2019, Paris, France. ⟨hal-02428131⟩

Autres publications


Pré-publications, Documents de travail

  • Anis Omri, Sami Ben Jabeur. Climate policies and legislation for renewable energy transition: The roles of financial sector and political institutions. 2024. ⟨hal-04569311⟩

Thèses

  • Sami Ben Jabeur. Statut de la faillite en théorie financière : approches théoriques et validations empiriques dans le contexte français. Economies et finances. Université de Toulon; Université de Sousse (Tunisie), 2011. Français. ⟨NNT : 2011TOUL2001⟩. ⟨tel-00759632⟩